假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)种质资源改良研究进展

假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides(Munro.)Hack.)是主产于中国的世界著名的暖季型草坪草.全面系统地研究假俭草在遗传多样性和抗性生理等各方面的变异变化规律对于开发利用假俭草种质资源具有十分重要的意义.在综述假俭草种质资源的收集、整理和初步评价的基础上,重点介绍了近年来国内外在其遗传多样性(包括形态水平、细胞水平和分子水平)、抗性生理、育种进程和栽培管理措施等方面的研究进展.     

豌豆来源的毒性抗虫白蛋白cDNA在毕赤酵母中异源表达及抗虫毒性分析

一种来源于豌豆的白蛋白 (PA)对多种昆虫具有明显的毒性作用 .为了进一步研究其抗虫机理 ,采用基因工程的方法富集蛋白质 .将该白蛋白基因克隆到毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαA .并导入毕赤酵母菌GS115中表达 .通过PCR和Northern印迹法分析基因的整合及转录 ,对工程菌进行发酵 ,采用两步培养 :第一步富集菌体 ,第二步甲醇诱导工程菌表达重组蛋白 ,并分泌到培养基中 .经过超滤和HPLC分离 ,重组抗虫白蛋白得率约 10mg L .重组蛋白对象鼻虫敏感株表现出很强的毒力 ,半致死剂量LC50 为 4 7,与直接纯化于豌豆种子的白蛋白毒力一致 ,而对象鼻虫抗性株无明显毒力 .     

Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and soil fertility on isoprene emissions from Quercus robur

The effects of global change on the emission rates of isoprene from plants are not clear. A factor that can influence the response of isoprene emission to elevated CO₂ concentrations is the availability of nutrients. Isoprene emission rate under standard conditions (leaf temperature: 30°C, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR): 1000 μmol photons m^?2 s^?1), photosynthesis, photosynthetic capacity, and leaf nitrogen (N) content were measured in Quercus robur grown in well‐ventilated greenhouses at ambient and elevated CO₂ (ambient plus 300 ppm) and two different soil fertilities. The results show that elevated CO₂ enhanced photosynthesis but leaf respiration rates were not affected by either the CO₂ or nutrient treatments. Isoprene emission rates and photosynthetic capacity were found to decrease with elevated CO₂, but an increase in nutrient availability had the converse effect. Leaf N content was significantly greater with increased nutrient availability, but unaffected by CO₂. Isoprene emission rates measured under these conditions were strongly correlated with photosynthetic capacity across the range of different treatments. This suggests that the effects of CO₂ and nutrient levels on allocation of carbon to isoprene production and emission under near‐saturating light largely depend on the effects on photosynthetic electron transport capacity.     

Relative allocation to horn and body growth in bighorn rams varies with resource availability

Males may allocate a greater proportion of metabolic resourcesto maintenance than to the development of secondary sexual characterswhen food is scarce, to avoid compromising their probabilityof survival. We assessed the effects of resource availabilityon body mass and horn growth of bighorn rams (Ovis canadensis)at Ram Mountain, Alberta, Canada over 30 years. The number ofadult ewes in the population tripled during our study, and theaverage mass of yearling females decreased by 13%. We used theaverage mass of yearling females as an index of resource availability.Yearling female mass was negatively correlated with the bodymass of rams of all ages, but it affected horn growth only duringthe first three years of life. Yearly horn growth was affectedby a complex interaction of age, body mass, and resource availability.Among rams aged 2–4 years, the heaviest individuals hadsimilar horn growth at high and at low resource availability,but as ram mass decreased, horn growth for a given body massbecame progressively smaller with decreasing resource availability.For rams aged 5–9 years, horn growth was weakly but positivelycorrelated with body mass, and rams grew slightly more hornfor a given body mass as resource availability decreased. Whenfood is limited, young rams may direct more resources to bodygrowth than to horn growth, possibly trading long-term reproductivesuccess for short-term survival. Although horn growth of olderrams appeared to be greater at low than at high resource availability,we found no correlation between early and late growth in hornlength for the same ram, suggesting that compensatory horn growthdoes not occur in our study population. Young rams with longerhorns were more likely to be shot by sport hunters than thosewith shorter horns. Trophy hunting could select against ramswith fast-growing horns.     

豌豆品质性状近红外模型建立及区域差异分析

探讨了傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术(FT-NIRS)检测豌豆蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪和总多酚含量的可行性。用化学方法测定190份豌豆种质的蛋白质、淀粉、脂肪以及总多酚含量,采集其子粒与粉末的近红外光谱,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)分别建立两种光谱与成份含量预测模型。豌豆粉末模型结果优于子粒模型,其中蛋白质和淀粉的粉末模型的预测残差(RPD)为5.88、5.82,相关系数r2达到0.99、0.99,具有很好的预测性能。对其中产地信息详细明确的150份豌豆种质的品质性状与产地进行两步聚类分析,明确得到3种类型,其特点分别为:类群1低蛋白质含量,类群2高总多酚含量,类群3高蛋白质、高淀粉和高脂肪含量。进一步分析了豌豆品质性状随播种期、经度、纬度、海拔高度的变化情况。结果表明,近红外光谱技术可对豌豆种质资源的部分品质性状进行快速筛选鉴定,聚类分析结论、地理坐标与播期对豌豆种质主要品质性状的影响规律,都可为收集高品质性状豌豆种质资源提供可靠依据。     

作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价现状与展望

作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价是作物种质资源研究的重要方面,是深入挖掘、广泛利用作物种质资源的基础。本文对近年来作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价情况进行了回顾,总结了鉴定评价工作取得的主要进展:完成了近20万份的作物种质资源(约占保存总数的50%)主要营养品质性状的初步鉴定评价;作物种质资源品质鉴定评价内容涉及面广、鉴定的品质性状变异性大、多样性丰富;提高了作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价标准化程度。此外还介绍了国际上有关品质性状鉴定的发展趋势,并对未来国内作物种质资源品质性状鉴定评价提出了意见和建议。     

Bottom‐up manipulations alter the community structures of galling insects and gall morphs on Neoboutonia macrocalyx trees in a moist tropical rainforest

相似文献   

Beyond Energy

This article is based on the first study worldwide to analyze materials present in the equipment of data centers. The study develops a methodology that allows the calculation of the number of data centers of the various size classes and their average equipment with information technology (IT) components and infrastructure elements, such as air‐conditioning systems and power supplies. This enables detailed statements to be made on the materials present in the equipment of approximately 53,000 data centers in Germany. In 2008, the total amount of materials in the equipment of data centers in Germany was 110,300 tonnes (t). IT equipment (servers, storage equipment, and network) accounted for 37,500 t (34%), racks and containments for 30,700 t (28%), cooling and air‐conditioning systems for 12,000 t (11%), and the power infrastructure for 30,000 t (27%). A comprehensive analysis of the type of materials being used yielded the following values: Approximately 58,400 t of iron, 18,600 t of copper, 11,600 t of circuit boards, 11,100 t of plastics, 7,400 t of aluminum, and 6,500 t of miscellaneous materials were present in German data centers. The electronic material contained 1.8 t of gold, 7.5 t of silver, and 0.8 t of palladium. Because it can be assumed that prices for precious metals, and also for bulk metals, will continue to rise, the recovery of raw materials from the IT devices of data centers is an interesting option. Additionally, the development of appropriate product design and recycling strategies for servers and storage units should be implemented.     

Serengeti real estate: density vs. fitness-based indicators of lion habitat quality

Habitat quality is typically inferred by assuming a direct relationship between consumer density and resource abundance, although it has been suggested that consumer fitness may be a more accurate measure of habitat quality. We examined density vs. fitness-based measures of habitat quality for lions in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. A 40-year average of female reproductive success (yearling cubs per female) was best explained by proximity to river confluences, whereas patterns of productivity (yearling cubs per km²) and adult female density (individuals per km²) were associated with more general measures of habitat quality and areas of shelter in poor habitat. This suggests that density may not accurately distinguish between high-quality 'source' areas and low-quality sites that merely provide refuges for effectively non-reproductive individuals. Our results indicate that density may be a misleading indicator of real estate value, particularly for populations that do not conform to an ideal free distribution.